TB-500 is composed of a linear chain of amino acids designed to enhance actin regulation—a key component of the cytoskeleton involved in cell shape, motility, and intracellular transport. Its sequence allows it to bind to G-actin (globular actin), preventing polymerization and promoting redistribution of actin filaments.

BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) is a synthetic pentadecapeptide, meaning it consists of 15 amino acids. Its molecular formula is C₆₂H₉₈N₁₆O₂₂, and it has a molar mass of approximately 1419.5 g/mol.